Leave the area. Do not search for the leak or operate gas valves, switches, appliances, or a phone inside.
PHMSA gas-leak guidance ↗Leaks, drains & plumbing
Speak with a plumber.
Describe the problem. Ask about service in your area, timing and price.
For an immediate threat to life or safety, call 911.
About: What should I do when a water heater is leaking?
Different problem or project?
- No callback form
You make the call yourself.
- Talk through the work
Ask about timing, scope and price.
- You choose the next step
Confirm the terms with the independent provider.
Start with safety, identify the symptom, and prepare useful details before you contact a professional. This guide is national guidance—it does not claim that a provider serves your city or ZIP code.
Start with the question closest to your situation.
Every answer separates safe observations, location-dependent details, and the point where qualified help may be useful.
87 answers in 9 groups.
Pressure, supply and utility questionsLow pressure, utility responsibility, shutoffs and water-quality context.7 answers
A published, location-aware guide to safe observations and useful next contacts.
Read answer →National guidanceWater Utility or Plumber: How to Choose the First CallUse property scope, public incident evidence and sewer or water-system boundaries to choose a responsible first contact.
Read answer →National guidanceSuspected high household water pressureRequest meaningful pressure evidence rather than authorizing a regulator from a symptom list. See safety limits and evidence to request.
Read answer →National guidanceMain Water Shutoff Won’t Close: What to DoA main shutoff that will not turn or stop flow needs a confirmed isolation plan. Learn what to document and when to stop planned plumbing work.
Read answer →National guidancePressure-Reducing Valve: Pressure or Flow?High, low or changing water pressure can have different causes. Understand what to measure before replacing a pressure-reducing valve.
Read answer →National guidanceWasher Supply Hoses: When to Arrange a ReviewReview washer supply hoses for visible damage, leaks and missing maintenance records. Plan safe access and model-matched service without forcing shutoff valves.
Read answer →National guidanceCould a whole-house filter be involved in weak water flow?Prepare for an assessment of weaker flow around a whole-house filter without assuming the filter is faulty or bypassing treatment yourself.
Read answer →Leaks and hidden waterVisible drips, concealed leaks, appliance connections and unexplained water use.12 answers
A safety-first way to respond to a leaking water heater, describe the visible pattern and prepare for a qualified inspection.
Read answer →National guidanceLeaking Faucet: Describe the Pattern Before RepairIdentify where and when a faucet leaks, limit water damage and know when the fixture, supply or surrounding surface needs inspection.
Read answer →National guidanceLeaking pipe: safe first steps and what to tell a plumberA practical way to limit water damage, record what is observable and decide how urgently a leaking pipe needs professional attention.
Read answer →National guidanceWater under a sink: how to narrow the source safelyUse timing and visible moisture patterns to describe an under-sink leak without assuming whether the drain, faucet or supply is responsible.
Read answer →National guidanceHow to recognize a possible hidden water leakA measured observation path for unexplained water use, dampness and other hidden-leak signals before requesting a property-specific inspection.
Read answer →National guidanceCould plumbing be causing a high water bill?A fact-based way to compare household use, leak clues and utility records before assuming a plumbing cause or authorizing repair work.
Read answer →National guidanceSigns that may warrant a slab-leak inspectionHow to document possible under-slab water clues, rule out simpler explanations and request inspection without treating symptoms as a diagnosis.
Read answer →National guidanceRecurring pinhole leaks: investigate patterns, not blameBuild a location and repair history for a system-level corrosion evaluation. See safety limits and evidence to request.
Read answer →National guidanceWhy a Woodford Standard Frost-Proof Faucet May Freeze or LeakFor Woodford's standard frost-proof design, an attached hose or incorrect pitch can prevent drainage. Use the exact model and leak pattern to guide inspection.
Read answer →National guidanceA P-Trap or Slip Joint Is Leaking Under the SinkAn under-sink leak needs a precise location check. Separate drain leakage from water tracking downward before tightening or replacing anything.
Read answer →National guidanceWater-Heater Relief Valve Drips or DischargesA dripping water-heater relief valve needs assessment, not a cap. Separate intermittent weeping from urgent hot discharge and keep clear.
Read answer →National guidanceDishwasher Air Gap Leaking onto the Counter: Next StepsSeparate countertop air-gap discharge from sink backup or water left in the dishwasher. Use installation history to request the right inspection.
Read answer →Toilets, faucets and fixturesRunning, leaking, slow or damaged household fixtures.15 answers
Understand continuous running or brief refills between uses, what a leak check can show, and what to ask before replacing toilet parts.
Read answer →National guidanceToilet Will Not Flush: Weak, Incomplete or Absent FlushingSeparate a weak flush, no discharge and a rising bowl. Use model and repair history to request an assessment without repeated flushing or guessed replacement parts.
Read answer →National guidanceLow flow at one faucet or showerCompare a weak faucet with other outlets, hot and cold flow, and recurring aerator debris. Prepare the right fixture or supply investigation without guessing a repair.
Read answer →National guidanceHot and Cold Reversed at One Faucet or ShowerReversed hot and cold at one fixture needs model-specific checking. Learn what to record without opening a valve or risking scalding.
Read answer →National guidanceShower Temperature Changes When a Toilet FlushesUnexpected shower temperature changes call for checking supply behavior and the valve, not simply turning the water heater hotter.
Read answer →National guidanceWater Still Runs from the Tub Spout During a ShowerA tub spout that keeps running during shower use needs a diverter check. Separate ongoing flow from drainage after shutoff.
Read answer →National guidanceShower Valve Losing Temperature ControlAn unstable shower valve needs a stop-use decision and model-specific diagnosis. Learn what to document before a service visit.
Read answer →National guidanceA Toilet Rocks: Check Support, Flange and SealA moving toilet base needs more than fresh caulk. Learn what to record and why floor support, the flange and the drain seal should be assessed.
Read answer →National guidanceCondensation on a Toilet Tank: When It MattersWater on a toilet tank may be condensation or a leak. Compare the pattern, room humidity and refill behavior before choosing a remedy.
Read answer →National guidanceHot Water Takes Too Long to Reach Distant FixturesLong hot-water waits can be a distribution problem rather than a failed heater. Compare nearby outlets, timing and recent changes before upgrading.
Read answer →National guidanceBrown Cold Water: One Faucet or the Whole House?Compare the location and timing of rusty cold water before choosing a repair. Report widespread discoloration to the serving utility.
Read answer →National guidanceBlack Specks from a Faucet: Evidence to CollectBlack particles can have different sources. Record where they appear, preserve useful photographs, and avoid judging water safety by color.
Read answer →National guidanceChecking Flushmate Pressure-Assisted Toilet CompatibilityFlushmate systems are not universal gravity-toilet retrofits. Confirm the exact bowl, system and model requirements before choosing parts or a replacement.
Read answer →National guidanceFaucet Sputtering After Plumbing Work: What to CheckCheck notices, affected faucets and remaining symptoms after water service returns. Know when to contact your utility or follow up with a plumber.
Read answer →National guidanceStiff Faucet Handle: When to Arrange RepairA stiff faucet handle needs model-specific assessment, not extra force. Compare normal shutoff, leakage and recent repair before choosing the next step.
Read answer →Drains, backups and sewer linesSingle-fixture clogs, multiple-drain patterns, sewer scope and wastewater boundaries.12 answers
Understand why several backed-up fixtures require a broader investigation and how sewer type and local procedure change the next call.
Read answer →National guidanceClogged Kitchen Sink: Pattern, Safety and Service DecisionsA slow sink, backup during dishwasher draining or trouble after disposal installation need different questions. Know what to stop, record and ask a plumber.
Read answer →National guidanceClogged Bathtub Drain: Safe Checks and When to CallUse fixture comparisons and visible observations to describe a slow or blocked tub drain without guessing the obstruction.
Read answer →National guidanceSewer line warning signs: observations that justify an inspectionRecognize multi-fixture, odor, yard and wastewater patterns while keeping sewage exposure and public-system uncertainty explicit.
Read answer →National guidanceGurgling drains when another fixture runsAvoid equating every gurgle with one vent or sewer repair. See safety limits and evidence to request Learn what to document, when to stop and what still needs.
Read answer →National guidanceBattery backup or a second sump pump: evaluate failure coverageEvaluate what the backup would and would not protect against. See safety limits and evidence to request Learn what to document, when to stop and what still needs.
Read answer →National guidanceBasement floor drain backing upDescribe the basement entry point while preserving sewer-versus-other-water uncertainty. See safety limits and evidence to request.
Read answer →National guidanceDrain maintenance: supported limits and chemical hazardsReplace universal drain-cleaning recipes with system-specific prevention questions. See safety limits and evidence to request.
Read answer →National guidanceUnusual Cold-Water Odors: Water, Drain or Another Source?Compare where a cold-water odor occurs without tasting the water. Learn which details help a utility, plumber or well specialist investigate.
Read answer →National guidanceA Rarely Used Floor Drain SmellsA dry trap is one possible reason for drain odor, not the only one. Separate an unused drain from wider drainage or gas-safety concerns.
Read answer →National guidanceSeptic Backup or Municipal Sewer Backup: First ResponseStop adding wastewater and keep people away from a backup. The immediate precautions overlap, but the authority and repair path depend on the system.
Read answer →National guidanceBattery or Water-Powered Sump Backup? Compare the Exact System Against the Outage and Water ConditionsElectrical outage, water interruption, and loss of power to a private well are distinct scenarios and may coincide.
Read answer →Urgent water and safety problemsBurst pipes, overflows, sewage and situations where continued testing can cause harm.7 answers
A short safety-first response for a burst household pipe, including electrical, multifamily and utility boundaries.
Read answer →National guidanceOverflowing Toilet: Stop the Flow and Protect the AreaA safety-first response to a rising or overflowing toilet, with clear limits on diagnosis, contaminated-water cleanup and the next useful call.
Read answer →National guidanceWhat to do if you suspect a gas line leakEmergency-first guidance for a suspected fuel-gas leak, with the utility and qualified repair roles kept separate.
Read answer →National guidanceSewage backup: keep people out and separate the response rolesArrange source-system help and safe contamination cleanup without entering the affected area. See safety limits and evidence to request.
Read answer →National guidanceSewer-gas odor indoors: safety and possible entry pathsSeparate emergency odor response from subsequent plumbing-path investigation. See safety limits and evidence to request.
Read answer →National guidanceGas Water-Heater Pilot Keeps Going OutA pilot that repeatedly goes out needs a combustion and control assessment. Know when to leave and what information helps the service technician.
Read answer →National guidanceWasher Standpipe Overflow: What to Check Before CallingWater spilling from the washer drain pipe is different from a leaking hose. Record where it starts, recent installation changes and other affected drains.
Read answer →Water heaters and hot waterLeaks, no-hot-water patterns, capacity, noise and replacement decisions.6 answers
Separate a whole-home hot-water failure from a fixture issue, recognize safety overrides and prepare useful equipment details.
Read answer →National guidanceNot enough hot water: document the pattern before serviceDistinguish capacity, recovery and temperature-pattern observations while treating gas, carbon-monoxide, electrical and scald hazards as hard stops.
Read answer →National guidanceWater heater noises: when to stop and what to recordDescribe popping, rumbling, hissing and mechanical sounds without assigning a remote diagnosis or overlooking gas, pressure and electrical warnings.
Read answer →National guidanceTankless or storage water heater: a property-specific comparisonCompare hot-water demand, energy source, installation constraints, maintenance and lifetime scope instead of selecting from a single marketing claim.
Read answer →National guidanceTankless hot water turns warm, cold, then warm againRecord whether the cold interval follows stopping and restarting hot water or happens during continuous use. Those are different descriptions to give the technician; neither identifies a failed part.
Read answer →National guidanceHot-water recirculation: less waiting, different tradeoffsDecide whether to ask about hot-water recirculation, what to record about the delay, and which layout and operating questions belong in a proposal.
Read answer →Costs, estimates and project decisionsScope factors, repair-versus-replace questions and preparation for estimates.8 answers
Understand estimate components and questions to ask without relying on invented national prices or confusing dispatch with repair scope.
Read answer →National guidanceRepair or Replace a Water Heater: Evidence for the DecisionCompare repair and replacement using inspected condition, equipment fit and written scope rather than a universal age or price cutoff.
Read answer →National guidanceSewer line repair or replacement: compare evidence, not labelsA decision framework for comparing spot repair, rehabilitation and replacement after the line has been inspected and responsibility confirmed.
Read answer →National guidanceSewer line repair cost factors: build a comparable written scopeUnderstand which property-specific facts change a sewer proposal without publishing an unsupported national price or treating advertising as paid-work evidence.
Read answer →National guidanceWater heater installation cost: compare complete scopesIdentify the equipment, sizing, infrastructure, permit and restoration facts that make water-heater installation proposals differ.
Read answer →National guidanceRepair or replace a sump pump: compare reliability evidenceUse failure mode, installation condition, inflow, backup needs and service history to compare repair and replacement without promising a generic lifespan.
Read answer →National guidanceWhat affects the cost of repiping a houseAn estimate-factor guide for whole-house repiping that explains material, access and restoration scope without unsupported national price claims.
Read answer →National guidanceToilet Still Runs After a Flapper Replacement: What to Verify Before Another PurchaseWhen contacting the person who installed the part, the manufacturer, or a qualified plumber, share: Read the guide for the next questions to ask.
Read answer →Other questionsAdditional guidance that does not fit one of the main task groups.16 answers
Separate no-power, humming and draining symptoms without putting hands or tools into a disposal or treating a reset as a complete diagnosis.
Read answer →National guidancePlumber or appliance technician: who should you call?A boundary-based guide for deciding who should inspect a water problem involving an appliance and its plumbing connections.
Read answer →National guidanceLandlord or tenant plumbing responsibilityA documentation-first path for rental plumbing problems that does not substitute generic advice for the lease or local law.
Read answer →National guidanceHow to choose a plumber for your homeA consumer-focused hiring checklist for comparing scope, credentials, estimates, and payment terms without invented rankings.
Read answer →National guidanceWhat a plumbing estimate should explainA structured checklist for comparing plumbing estimates by scope, assumptions, exclusions, and change control rather than price alone.
Read answer →National guidanceWhen a professional plumbing inspection is usefulA scope-first guide to preventive, purchase, renovation and symptom-driven plumbing inspections, including what to record and ask beforehand.
Read answer →National guidanceWhen a house may need repipingA system-level decision guide for repeated leaks, widespread performance problems, and aging water-distribution piping.
Read answer →National guidanceWhen a home may need backflow prevention serviceA property-specific guide to backflow devices, testing and leakage, including the questions that local compliance and service decisions require.
Read answer →National guidanceWhat to prepare before a plumber visitsProduce a short, actionable symptom packet rather than a guessed diagnosis. See safety limits and evidence to request.
Read answer →National guidancePlumbing emergency or routine appointment?Choose emergency services, utility help or a trade appointment by hazard rather than sales urgency. See safety limits and evidence to request.
Read answer →National guidancePlumbing permits and inspections: verify the actual projectObtain a project-specific permit and inspection answer with a traceable authority. See safety limits and evidence to request.
Read answer →National guidanceVerify a plumbing repair solved the original problemAgree how the original symptom and any resulting wet materials will be rechecked. See safety limits and evidence to request.
Read answer →National guidancePrivate Well Pump Starts and Stops FrequentlyFrequent well-pump cycling needs a system assessment. Record when it happens and keep pressure-switch and tank work with a qualified well professional.
Read answer →National guidanceElectric Bidet Seat: Fit, Water and PowerCheck toilet fit, the specified water connection, electrical rating and documented GFCI requirement before buying an electric bidet seat.
Read answer →National guidanceWhat a Potable-Water Expansion Tank DoesAn expansion tank manages pressure from heated water in a closed system. Learn what professional checks distinguish tank failure from other faults.
Read answer →National guidanceWater softener problems: hard water, weak flow or both?Separate a softening complaint from a flow complaint, prepare useful observations and ask for model-specific findings before approving work.
Read answer →Pumps, pipes and whole-home systemsSump pumps, frozen pipes, repiping and broader system condition.4 answers
Record power, pit level, sound and discharge observations without entering water or handling wet electrical equipment.
Read answer →National guidanceFrozen pipes: safe response without open flameA safety-first sequence for loss of water during freezing weather, including shutoff readiness, controlled warming boundaries and burst warning signs.
Read answer →National guidanceHow to reduce the risk of frozen pipesA practical cold-weather preparation guide that separates safe prevention steps from property-specific plumbing decisions.
Read answer →National guidanceWater hammer: when banging needs evaluationFrame a professional evaluation around timing and evidence instead of a guessed device. See safety limits and evidence to request.
Read answer →Leave an unsafe area before trying to stop the plumbing problem.
If you suspect a natural-gas leak, leave without using switches, flames, or a phone inside and call 911 from a safe location. Do not enter standing water to reach an electrical panel. Avoid contact with sewage. Only shut off the main water valve when you know where it is and can reach it safely.
Do not step into standing water to reach a breaker. A qualified electrician should make the area safe.
CDC electrical-hazard guidance ↗Avoid contact, keep people and pets away, and stop using sinks, showers, and toilets if the sewer line may be damaged.
Red Cross utility guidance ↗Use the main water shutoff only if it is known and safely accessible. Do not cross water or another hazard to reach it.
Red Cross water-line guidance ↗Describe what is happening—not the repair you think you need.
Clear symptoms help a professional decide what information, equipment, and urgency the visit may require.
Visible or suspected leaks, dripping faucets, running toilets, overflowing fixtures, and appliance supply connections.
Slow or blocked drains, several affected fixtures, recurring backups, sewage, or a possible sewer-line problem.
No hot water, a water-heater concern, low or changing pressure, or a main/supply-pipe issue.
Fixture replacement, water treatment, remodel work, or other changes that may need local permits or inspections.
EPA WaterSense identifies common visible leak points at toilets, showers, faucets, water heaters, appliances, hose bibbs, and treatment equipment. Review the EPA technical sheet ↗
Notice what is happening before deciding what the repair might be.
These observations can make the next conversation clearer. They are not a diagnosis or a reason to enter an unsafe area.
Water heater is leaking
Keep away if water could contact electricity. Leave from a safe route if you smell gas. Do not remove panels or disassemble the heater. Only if the area is safe, note whether water appears near a visible connection, at the top, at the bottom, or at a nearby pipe.
Toilet keeps running
First distinguish running water from an overflow or sewage backup. Stop using the fixture if it is overflowing. When the area is dry and safe, a tank dye test can document a possible silent leak, but it does not identify every cause or prescribe a repair.
Drain is slow or backing up
Record whether one fixture or several are affected, whether the problem returns, and whether sewage is present. Avoid contact with sewage and stop using affected fixtures when continued use could worsen a backup.
Water pressure is low or gone
Check only from normal, safely accessible fixtures: is it one outlet or the whole home, and hot water only or both hot and cold? Check for a current utility notice. Do not adjust hidden regulators, pumps, valves, or equipment you cannot identify safely.
Open the complete location-aware guide →Sump pump stopped or water is rising
Standing water near electrical equipment is a stop condition. Keep people and pets out, and do not enter the water to inspect the pump, reach a plug, or operate a breaker. Describe the water level and equipment status only from a dry, safe location.
Only inspect what is visible, dry, and safely accessible.
- Look and listen for drips at exposed faucets and connections.
- Use a toilet-tank dye test to check for a silent leak.
- Clean an accessible faucet aerator or mineral buildup.
- Check whether a showerhead connection is loose.
EPA describes these as basic maintenance checks. Follow product instructions and stop if the work exposes wiring, gas, sewage, hidden piping, or an area you cannot safely isolate.
EPA WaterSense home maintenance ↗Bring in the right professional when the boundary is unclear.
- The leak is hidden, spreading, or cannot be stopped safely.
- Several fixtures are affected or the problem keeps returning.
- There is sewage, suspected contamination, gas, or electrical exposure.
- The work involves a main line, water heater, wall cavity, permit, or code requirement.
Licensing and permit rules differ by jurisdiction. Verify the applicable state, county, and city requirements before hiring.
FTC contractor-hiring guidance ↗A useful description can make the first conversation clearer.
Which fixtures are affected, when it started, whether it is active or intermittent, and what changed.
Say whether water is stopped and whether there is standing water, sewage, a gas odor, or electrical exposure.
Municipal water or well, sewer or septic, relevant appliance, and water-heater type if it relates to the problem.
Photos, visible model information, and prior repair notes can help—but never re-enter an unsafe area to collect them.
Questions to ask before work begins
- Do you serve this exact address and handle this specific problem?
- What license and insurance apply here, and how can I verify them?
- Is there a diagnostic, dispatch, minimum, or after-hours charge?
- What is included and excluded from the written estimate?
- Who obtains permits and schedules inspections when required?
- How are additional work and price changes authorized?
- Are cleanup, restoration, subcontractors, and warranty terms documented?
The FTC recommends checking required licenses and insurance and comparing written estimates that describe the work, materials, timing, and price. Read the FTC guidance ↗
There is no responsible single national price for “plumbing repair.”
The symptom, access, urgency, materials, labor model, permits, cleanup, and location all change the scope. This guide does not publish a numeric range without reviewed observations that match the actual job and market.
An advertised price, a phone estimate, a written estimate, an approved change order, and a final invoice are different things. Ask which one you are being given.
A ZIP code helps check rules and availability; it does not make this a local page.
Provider coverage, schedules, licenses, permits, utility responsibility, advisories, and prices require current local evidence. Call Home Help does not infer full-city coverage from one ZIP code.
If water pressure changes or tap water changes in color, taste, or smell, CDC advises contacting the water utility or health department; follow any local drinking-water advisory. CDC drinking-water guidance ↗
Plumbing questions people ask first
Is this a plumbing emergency?
Leave and call emergency services from a safe place for a suspected gas leak. Keep away from water that may contact electricity and avoid sewage. An uncontrolled leak also needs prompt action, but only use a shutoff you can reach safely.
Why is my drain backing up?
A page cannot determine the cause from that symptom alone. Note whether one or several fixtures are affected, whether the backup returns, and whether sewage is present. Stop using affected fixtures and avoid contact if sewage or a possible broader line problem is involved. See the drain pathway.
What should I do if a pipe bursts?
Keep away from water near electricity and use a known main shutoff only when it is safely accessible. Protect people from the area, avoid disturbing hidden piping, and describe where water is appearing from a dry location. Review the safety boundaries.
When should I call a plumber instead of checking it myself?
Stop at visible, dry, accessible observations. Seek qualified help for a hidden or spreading leak, recurring or multi-fixture backup, sewage, a water heater, main line, wall cavity, permit question, or any gas or electrical hazard. Review the stop conditions.
Why is my water pressure low throughout the house?
Whole-home pressure can involve the home system or a utility condition, and this page cannot diagnose which. Compare hot and cold at ordinary fixtures, check current utility notices, and contact the utility or a qualified professional rather than adjusting unfamiliar equipment. See the pressure pathway.
What should I do before a plumber arrives?
Protect people from the area, stop using affected fixtures, shut off water only if safe, and record the symptoms and timing. Do not disturb gas, wiring, sewage, or hidden piping.
Can I check the problem myself?
Limit checks to visible, dry, accessible fixtures. A toilet dye test, an exposed drip check, or cleaning an aerator may be reasonable; stop whenever safety or the repair scope is uncertain.
How do I verify a plumbing professional?
Check the license required by your state or county, request proof of insurance, compare written estimates, and read the written scope and payment terms before work starts.
Why is there no national price range?
“Plumbing repair” does not identify one comparable job. A useful range needs reviewed evidence for a defined service, market, date, and set of inclusions; this national guide does not have that comparable price evidence.
Could the water utility be the right first call?
Possibly. Changes in water quality or pressure and suspected municipal sewer problems can involve a utility or health department. Responsibility and contact procedures must be checked locally.
Official sources checked September 15, 2026. This national guidance does not establish local provider availability.